MedGames
The Citric Acid / Krebs Cycle
Important Points About the Krebs Cycle:
Where the Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle fits into the cellular respiration process: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. The 2 pyruvates made during glycolysis are converted to Acetyl CoA by enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase.
The NADH and FADH released from the Krebs/TCA cycle are used to pump out energy in the electron transport chain.
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Energy producing steps (Released for every 2 Acetyl CoA: 6NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP):
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Isocitrate --> alpha-ketoglutarate
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alpha-Ketoglutarate --> Succinyl-CoA
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Succinyl-CoA --> Succinate
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Succinate --> Fumarate
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Malate --> Oxaloacetate
Review Videos:
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ATP and Respiration- Hank from CrashCourse describes glycolysis through the electron transport chain in a great way if you're still learning this the first time around. Great for pre-med, biology, and other students who are still wrapping their heads around cellular respiration (but still covers enough detail to make it worth your while at any level).
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The Krebs Cycle - NinjaNerd is the best channel for really understanding biochemical pathways and where they go wrong instead of just memorizing words.
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Muscle Metabolism Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC | Physiology - Medicosis Perfectionalis is more about the biochemical pathways and how they connect. This is good for biochemistry classes, physician's assistants, and medical school
Other Resources:
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Cellular Respiration - Osmosis' study guide on cellular respiration including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Osmosis currently allows some access to free content (this link does not require a login or payment as of 2024), while other items are paid.
Mnemonics:
Intermediate Mnemonic
Citrate - Citric acid
Is - Isocitrate
Krebs - alpha-ketoglutarate
Starting - Succinyl-CoA
Substrate - Succinate
For - Fumarate
Making - Malate
Oxaloacetate - Oxaloacetate
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Enzyme Mnemonic (change "stupid" to "smart" if this cycle is easy for you to remember).
Charlie - Citrate synthase
And - Aconitase
I - Isocitrate dehydrogenase *rate-limiting enzyme*
Are - alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Such - Succinyl-CoA
Stupid - Succinate
Future - Fumarate
M.D.s -Malate dehydrogenase
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