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The Citric Acid / Krebs Cycle
Important Points About the Krebs Cycle:

Where the Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle fits into the cellular respiration process: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. The 2 pyruvates made during glycolysis are converted to Acetyl CoA by enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. 

The NADH and FADH released from the Krebs/TCA cycle are used to pump out energy in the electron transport chain. 

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Energy producing steps (Released for every 2 Acetyl CoA: 6NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP): 

  • Isocitrate --> alpha-ketoglutarate

  • alpha-Ketoglutarate --> Succinyl-CoA

  • Succinyl-CoA --> Succinate 

  • Succinate --> Fumarate 

  • Malate --> Oxaloacetate
     

Review Videos:
  • ATP and Respiration- Hank from CrashCourse describes glycolysis through the electron transport chain in a great way if you're still learning this the first time around. Great for pre-med, biology, and other students who are still wrapping their heads around cellular respiration (but still covers enough detail to make it worth your while at any level).

  • The Krebs Cycle  - NinjaNerd is the best channel for really understanding biochemical pathways and where they go wrong instead of just memorizing words. 

  • Muscle Metabolism Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC | Physiology - Medicosis Perfectionalis is more about the biochemical pathways and how they connect. This is good for biochemistry classes, physician's assistants, and medical school
     

Other Resources: 
  • Cellular Respiration - Osmosis' study guide on cellular respiration including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Osmosis currently allows some access to free content (this link does not require a login or payment as of 2024), while other items are paid. 

Mnemonics:

Intermediate Mnemonic 

Citrate - Citric acid

Is - Isocitrate

Krebs - alpha-ketoglutarate

Starting - Succinyl-CoA

Substrate - Succinate

For - Fumarate

Making - Malate

Oxaloacetate - Oxaloacetate

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Enzyme Mnemonic (change "stupid" to "smart" if this cycle is easy for you to remember). 

Charlie - Citrate synthase 

And - Aconitase 

I - Isocitrate dehydrogenase *rate-limiting enzyme*

Are - alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Such - Succinyl-CoA
Stupid - Succinate

Future - Fumarate

M.D.s -Malate dehydrogenase 

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